"Recently, it was observed that blocking CCR5 results in anticancer
activity. Such a phenomenon was showcased by the emergence of a
humanized monoclonal antibody, Leronlimab (PRO 140), and CCR5
antagonist, maraviroc or vicriviroc. It was observed from the
preclinical trial that the binding of Leronlimab to human CCR5 leads to
the blockage of the CCR5-mediating signaling pathway, thereby preventing
TNBC cell invasion [
70,
71]."
References are to a 2012 Pestell study and the later Recknor study, but why use the terms "Recently" and "pre-clinical"?